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The belief that people should be loyal to their nation. The rise of modern nationalism is tied to the spread of democratic ideas and the growth of an educated middle class. People wanted to decide how they were governed, instead of having monarchs impose government on them.

Italy became a nation-state long after the rest of Europe. With the help of Count Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi joined the Italian states into one nation-state. 

Let by Otto von Bismarck and the philosophy of Realpolitik, Germany unified as a nation-state after being the German Confederation. 

Nationalism 
Unification of Italy 
Unification of Germany
Peace is just temporary...
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